Miya Pearson
Sleep trackers are devices that monitor your sleep patterns and habits. They can be worn on the body or placed in the surrounding environment. They track a range of data, including sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep phases, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors. While they can be useful for recognising patterns in your sleep habits, they are not a substitute for medical advice. Sleep trackers can be a good option for healthy people who want to gain insight into their sleep routine.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type | Wearable or non-wearable |
| Placement | Wrist, finger, head, under mattress |
| Compatibility | iPhone, Android |
| Data | Sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep phases, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, blood oxygen levels, snoring, sleep consistency, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature |
| Features | Sleep coaching, smart alarms, health coaching, sleep schedules, sleep goals, sleep focus, sleep analysis, sleep reports, sleep analytics, sleep tracking, sleep data |
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What You'll Learn
Wearables for your hand or wrist
The Oura Ring is a ring-shaped device that uses infrared photoplethysmography sensors to measure heart rate and respiration, a negative temperature coefficient sensor for body temperature, and a 3D accelerometer for movement. It tracks factors like total sleep, time in bed, sleep efficiency, and resting heart rate.
The Apple Watch uses a heart rate sensor and accelerometer to break sleep down into four stages: awake, REM, light, and deep sleep. It also measures heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature.
The Fitbit uses heart rate sensors and motion detectors to track sleep and exercise. It provides a Sleep Score based on time spent in each sleep stage, sleep duration, and sleeping heart rate.
Other examples of wearables for the hand or wrist include the Whoop band, which has LED sensors and photodiodes to track sleep and other biometrics, and the Ultrahuman Ring, which has a medical-grade temperature sensor, a photoplethysmography sensor, and a motion-sensing IMU.
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Wearables for your head
If you're looking for a sleep monitor that you can wear on your head, there are a few options to consider. Here are some detailed descriptions of some of the most popular devices in this category:
Muse S Headband
The Muse S is a sleep headband that uses sensors to track your brain activity, similar to an electroencephalogram (EEG). It also has an accelerometer and a gyroscope to measure your heart rate and blood circulation. While it is primarily a meditation aid, it can also track your sleep by recording your heart rate, respiration, time to fall asleep, and how much you move around during the night. However, some users have found it uncomfortable to wear while sleeping, and it is quite expensive.
Philips Sleep Headphones with Kokoon
These sleep headphones combine earbuds with sleep tracking technology. They are designed to be comfortable for side sleepers and play soothing sounds, sleep stories, and meditations to help you fall asleep. The companion app also provides sleep tracking data, including the four phases of sleep, sleep efficiency, and consistency. However, some users have found that the earbuds can fall out during the night, interrupting the sleep tracking.
Smart Sleep Eye Mask
This eye mask uses a combination of EEG and EOG (electrooculography) sensors to track your sleep. It provides data on your sleep stages, heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and body movements. The mask also has built-in speakers and a microphone, allowing you to play music or white noise and take calls. It is comfortable to wear and blocks out light, making it ideal for travellers or shift workers. However, it is quite expensive and may not be suitable for those who move around a lot during sleep.
Dreem 2 Headband
The Dreem 2 is a sleep headband that uses EEG sensors to track your brain activity and measure your sleep stages, heart rate, and breathing. It also has a built-in speaker that plays sounds to help you fall asleep and improve your sleep quality. The accompanying app provides detailed sleep reports and personalised recommendations to improve your sleep. The headband is comfortable and adjustable, but some users have found that it can feel too tight or heavy.
BrainBit Optima Headband
The BrainBit Optima is a lightweight and comfortable headband that uses EEG sensors to track your sleep stages, heart rate, and blood oxygen levels. It also measures your brain activity and provides a sleep score to help you understand your sleep quality. The accompanying app offers personalised recommendations to improve your sleep and can be integrated with other health apps. However, the headband may not be suitable for those with larger head sizes, and the app may have some connectivity issues.
These are just a few examples of the wearables available for sleep monitoring. Each device has its own unique features and benefits, so it's important to consider your specific needs and preferences when choosing a sleep monitor.
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Under-mattress sensors
The under-mattress sleep sensor Withings Sleep, for example, is just 5mm thick and compatible with most mattresses. It has been tested against polysomnography (PSG), which is the gold standard of sleep diagnostics. Withings Sleep measures sleep phases, depth, and interruptions, as well as heart rate and snoring. It also has a sleep score, developed with sleep physicians, which reflects the physiological importance of each metric for the body during sleep.
Another example is the system proposed by Sadek and Abdulrazak (2022) in their paper "Contactless remote monitoring of sleep: evaluating the feasibility of an under-mattress sensor mat in a real-life deployment". Their sensor mat, placed under the mattress or bamboo mat, monitored sleep parameters such as wake-up time, bedtime, nap time, time in bed, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The data collected by the sensor mat was then used to detect anomalies in sleep parameters and identify irregular sleep patterns.
The advantages of under-mattress sensors include their simplicity and convenience of use, as no electrodes need to be attached to the body. They are also mobile, affordable, and suitable for long-term monitoring of vital signs. However, they are not suitable for urgent or ambulatory situations, where gold-standard methods like PSG are still necessary.
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Smart mattresses
Features of Smart Mattresses:
- Dual-zone temperature control: One of the most impressive features of smart mattresses is their ability to regulate temperature for both you and your partner independently. The Eight Sleep Pod 4, for example, offers dual-zone cooling and heating, allowing customisation within a range of 55°F-110°F. It also includes Smart Temp Autopilot, which automatically adjusts the bed's temperature based on ambient sensors, ensuring an optimal sleep environment.
- Sleep tracking and health monitoring: Smart mattresses excel at providing detailed sleep analytics. They can track sleep stages, sleep time, sleep latency, and even detect snoring, which can be valuable for identifying sleep disorders like sleep apnea. The Sleep Number i8 Smart Bed generates a SleepIQ score based on metrics like breathing and heart rate, and its app offers personalised recommendations for improving sleep quality.
- Adjustable firmness: Another advantage of smart mattresses is their customisability. The Sleep Number i8 Smart Bed allows you to adjust the firmness and comfort level on each side, catering to different preferences. The Saatva Solaire Adjustable Mattress takes this a step further, offering 50 firmness settings on each side, controlled via a remote, ensuring a perfect fit for any sleeper.
- Snore reduction: Certain smart mattresses, like the Tempur-Pedic TEMPUR-Ergo Power Smart Bed Base, feature Snore Response technology. This innovative feature detects snoring and automatically adjusts the bed to raise the snorer's head, opening their airways to reduce or stop snoring.
- Sleep coaching: The Tempur-Pedic smart bed, in conjunction with the Sleeptracker-AI app, not only tracks your sleep but also provides insights and suggestions to help you improve your sleep habits.
- Additional comforts: Some smart mattresses go beyond the basics, offering features like in-bed massage, sleep sounds, and gentle wake-up alarms. The Bryte Balance Smart Bed, for instance, includes sleep audio and a massage function, enhancing your sleep experience and promoting relaxation.
Benefits of Smart Mattresses:
- Improved sleep quality: The primary benefit of smart mattresses is their potential to enhance your sleep quality significantly. By providing detailed sleep analytics, tracking your sleep habits, and offering personalised recommendations, these mattresses can help you identify areas for improvement and make informed adjustments to your sleep routine.
- Customisability: Smart mattresses offer an unparalleled level of customisation. Whether it's adjusting the temperature, firmness, or tracking specific health metrics, you can tailor your sleep environment to your unique needs and preferences.
- Convenience: Smart mattresses eliminate the need for separate sleep trackers, consolidating sleep tracking technology into your mattress. This integrated approach streamlines your sleep setup, providing a more seamless and convenient sleep tracking solution.
- Couple-friendly: Smart mattresses are ideal for couples with different sleeping preferences. The ability to control temperature, firmness, and other settings independently for each side of the bed ensures that both partners can customise their sleep environment without compromising.
In conclusion, smart mattresses represent a significant advancement in sleep technology, offering a wide range of features designed to enhance your sleep quality and overall sleep experience. While they come with a hefty price tag, the level of customisation, convenience, and insight they provide can be invaluable for those seeking to optimise their sleep and wake up feeling rested and energised each day.
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Smartphone apps
- SleepScore: This app works with iPhone 6 and higher and a limited number of Android phones. It allows you to set sleep goals and provides actionable advice for reaching them. It also offers a smart alarm that wakes you up slowly. The premium version of the app, priced at $50 per year or $6 per month, offers more features such as long-term sleep tracking and personalized recommendations.
- Sleep Cycle: Sleep Cycle is compatible with both iPhones and Android phones. It uses sound-sensing technology to assess your sleep and doesn't require exact phone placement. The app provides sleep reports and lets you see how your data correlates with lifestyle habits and how it compares to others worldwide. The premium version, priced at $30 per year, offers additional features such as more alarm sounds and sleep aid content.
- Pillow: Pillow is only available for iOS and requires you to place your phone on your mattress near your pillow. It uses the phone's accelerometer, gyroscope, and sound-sensing technology to track movement and provide sleep analysis. The app also offers sleep tips and insights. The premium version, Pillow Premium, is priced at $10 per month and offers more features such as heart rate and oxygen saturation tracking.
- Calm: Calm is a popular app for falling asleep, offering a wide variety of sleep sounds, meditations, and sleep stories. It helps you relax and decrease stress and anxiety, which are common causes of sleep disturbances. The premium version is priced at $15 per month or $70 per year.
- Oura: Oura is a comprehensive sleep tracker that includes a ring you wear on your finger to collect data on temperature, movement, and heart rate. The app provides an easy-to-read chart of sleep stages, a sleep score, and insights on patterns and changes over time. The Oura ring costs $299, and the app has a monthly membership of $6.
- SleepWatch: SleepWatch is designed for Apple Watch users and seamlessly integrates with the watch to track sleep. It offers sleep analysis, white noise and nature sound capabilities, and a sleep education library. The premium version is priced at $5 per month or $40 per year.
- Sleep Reset: Sleep Reset is a unique app that provides one-on-one coaching to help improve your sleep. It uses cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) strategies and offers daily lessons, sleep questionnaires, and 24/7 access to a personal coach. The program costs $300 for an eight-week plan after a pay-what-you-can seven-day trial.
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