
Sleep accounts for a significant portion of our lives, and its impact on our physical and mental health cannot be overstated. While we sleep, our brains remain active, engaging in vital activities that influence our quality of life. Sleep is essential for the body's repair and immune system reinforcement, and it plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and mental health. The concept of personal identity and the question of whether we become different people when we wake up have intrigued philosophers and scientists alike. Some individuals have expressed the intriguing notion that they wake up as slightly altered versions of themselves, with new thoughts and preferences. This idea sparks fascinating discussions about the nature of self and the intricate interplay between our physiology and the world around us.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Physical Theory | According to the physical theory, who you are is tied to some fact about your body (usually your brain). |
| Psychological Theory | According to the psychological theory, what makes you the same person over time is a set of psychological facts, like what beliefs, desires, etc. you have. |
| Neural Stem Cells | Neural stem cells are constantly giving birth to new neurons that travel around and plug into already existing networks. |
| Personal Continuity | The self is a created being, created by physiology and the world around it. As it moves through time, it changes and adapts. |
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What You'll Learn
- The self is a created being, formed by physiology and the world around it
- The psychological theory: what makes you you is a set of psychological facts
- The physical theory: who you are is tied to some fact about your body, usually your brain
- Sleep is vital for health: a lack of sleep increases health risks and worsens symptoms of depression, seizures, high blood pressure and migraines
- Circadian rhythms and sleep drive: two processes that regulate sleep

The self is a created being, formed by physiology and the world around it
Sleep is a vital process that accounts for a significant portion of our lives, and it is during this time that our brain engages in various activities essential for our well-being. The idea that "you won't be the same person when you wake up" has been explored in philosophy and popular culture, sparking intriguing discussions.
The self, or the sense of "I," is a complex concept that philosophers and psychologists have long debated. One perspective suggests that the self is a created entity, shaped by both our physiology and the world around us. This view acknowledges the influence of our physical brain and body, as well as our interactions with the external environment, on our sense of self.
Our physiology plays a fundamental role in forming our self. The brain, with its unique structure and functioning, is key. Our genetic makeup, neural connections, and mental processes contribute to our thoughts, memories, and personality traits, all of which are integral to our sense of self. For instance, consider the impact of neural stem cells giving birth to new neurons, as discovered by neurobiologists. This process of neurogenesis allows for the formation of new neural connections and the potential for new ideas, preferences, and behaviours, subtly shaping our self over time.
Additionally, the world around us influences our self in numerous ways. Our experiences, interactions, and the cultural and social context in which we are immersed all contribute to our sense of self. As we move through life, our beliefs, values, and desires may evolve, and these psychological factors are integral to our sense of self, as proposed by the psychological theory of personal identity.
The concept of personal identity, or "who we are," is closely tied to the discussion of the self. According to the physical theory of personal identity, our identity is linked to our body, particularly our brain. This theory suggests that as long as our brain remains the same, we are the same person, even if we are replicated or cloned. On the other hand, the psychological theory posits that it is our psychological makeup, including our beliefs and desires, that defines our identity.
In conclusion, the statement "The self is a created being, formed by physiology and the world around it" highlights the intricate interplay between our physical selves and our external environment in shaping our sense of self. This perspective acknowledges the dynamic nature of the self, ever-changing and adapting as we navigate our world. While we may not be entirely different people when we wake up, the continuous process of creation and recreation of the self is a fascinating aspect of human existence.
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The psychological theory: what makes you you is a set of psychological facts
The concept of personal identity and the question of whether we remain the same person throughout our lives is a philosophical conundrum. The psychological theory of personal identity posits that what makes you "you" is a set of psychological facts. This means that you remain the same person over time because of your unique psychological makeup, including your beliefs, desires, and memories.
According to this theory, when you wake up in the morning, you are the same person because your psychological facts have remained the same. This is true even if your physical body has changed, as in the case of a perfect replica with the same memories. The psychological theory suggests that personal identity is not tied to the physical body but rather to the continuity of psychological facts.
However, the psychological theory also acknowledges that people do change and evolve over time. The self is not static but is instead a created being, influenced by both physiology and the surrounding world. As Heraclitus said, "You cannot step into the same river twice." This highlights the idea that both the individual and the world are in a constant state of flux, and personal identity is not exempt from this change.
While the psychological theory emphasizes the importance of psychological facts, it also recognizes that personal identity is a complex issue. There may be variations within this theory regarding the specific psychological facts that define a person and how these facts interact with other aspects of identity.
The psychological theory of personal identity provides a framework for understanding the concept of self and continuity over time. It suggests that our unique psychological makeup is what defines us as individuals, even as we evolve and our world changes around us. This theory offers a perspective on the philosophical question of whether we are the same person when we wake up, highlighting the role of our beliefs, desires, and memories in shaping our sense of self.
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The physical theory: who you are is tied to some fact about your body, usually your brain
The physical theory of personal identity states that who you are is tied to some fact about your body, usually your brain. This theory suggests that when you wake up in the morning, if you have the same brain, you are the same person. However, if there is a replica brain, it is a new person who thinks of themself as you, even though the original person has been killed and replaced.
The physical theory of personal identity is just one of several theories that attempt to explain the concept of personal identity and the self. This theory focuses on the physical aspects of the self, specifically the brain, and how it relates to personal identity. It suggests that our sense of self is inherently tied to the physical structure and functioning of our brains.
The brain is a complex organ that plays a crucial role in our sense of self. It is responsible for our thoughts, memories, emotions, and personality traits. During sleep, the brain remains active, engaging in necessary activities such as dreaming and consolidating memories. Sleep is also crucial for brain repair and the reinforcement of the immune system.
While the physical theory emphasizes the importance of the brain in personal identity, it is worth noting that the brain is constantly changing. Neural stem cells give birth to new neurons that integrate into existing networks, replacing dying neurons and facilitating brain growth. These changes in brain structure and function can lead to shifts in our thoughts, preferences, and behaviours over time, contributing to the sense of being a "different person" at different points in our lives.
The physical theory of personal identity provides a framework for understanding the self in relation to the physical structure and functioning of the brain. It suggests that our sense of self is inherently tied to the state of our brains, and any changes in the brain can potentially lead to changes in our personal identity. However, it is important to acknowledge that the concept of personal identity is complex and multifaceted, and other theories, such as the psychological theory, offer alternative perspectives that consider psychological factors such as beliefs and desires.
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Sleep is vital for health: a lack of sleep increases health risks and worsens symptoms of depression, seizures, high blood pressure and migraines
Sleep is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. It is a basic human need, as vital as eating, drinking, and breathing. However, sleep deprivation, or not getting enough sleep, has become a common issue, with about one-third of adults in the United States reporting a lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation can have far-reaching consequences for both physical and mental health, impacting quality of life and even increasing the risk of death.
One of the physical health risks associated with sleep deprivation is the increased likelihood of seizures. Seizures are highly sensitive to sleep patterns, and insufficient sleep can act as a trigger, especially for individuals with epilepsy. Sleep deprivation can increase the frequency, intensity, and length of seizures, further disrupting sleep quality and daytime functioning.
Additionally, sleep deprivation has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular issues, including high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. Research suggests that a single night of poor sleep can lead to a spike in blood pressure, providing a potential explanation for the connection between sleep problems and cardiovascular health issues. This relationship between sleep and cardiovascular health is well-established, yet the underlying reasons require further exploration.
Sleep deprivation also has a significant impact on mental health, particularly in the development and worsening of symptoms of depression. Disrupted sleep is a common symptom of depression, and conversely, a lack of sleep can contribute to the onset of mood disorders. Studies have found that acute and chronic sleep deprivation are associated with depressive symptoms, with chronic sleep loss potentially having a more detrimental effect.
Moreover, sleep deprivation can increase the frequency and severity of migraines. Migraines often occur upon waking up, and individuals with migraines are more prone to experiencing insufficient sleep. While restful sleep can alleviate migraine symptoms, excessive sleep can also worsen the problem, as seen in the concept of "weekend migraines."
Overall, the impact of sleep deprivation extends beyond temporary grogginess and fatigue. It poses serious health risks, including seizures, high blood pressure, cardiovascular issues, worsening depression, and migraines. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize sleep and practice good sleep hygiene to maintain overall health and well-being.
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Circadian rhythms and sleep drive: two processes that regulate sleep
Sleep is a vital activity that accounts for a large portion of our lives. It is a period during which the brain engages in several activities necessary for life and quality of life. Two main processes regulate sleep: circadian rhythms and sleep drive.
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles that are part of the body's internal clock, which runs in the background to carry out essential functions and processes. The circadian rhythm is the pattern your body follows based on a 24-hour day, telling your body when to sleep and when to wake up. It is controlled by a biological clock located in the brain, which responds to light cues by increasing the production of the sleep hormone melatonin at night and switching it off when it senses light.
The circadian rhythm is influenced by environmental cues, such as light, timing of meals, and social interactions, which impact the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. Disturbances in the sleep cycle can have detrimental effects on overall health, including issues with memory consolidation, body healing, and metabolic regulation. Maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm involves following a daily routine, including a consistent sleep schedule, regular physical activity, and avoiding screens and bright light before bed.
Sleep drive is the body's craving for sleep, similar to hunger. Throughout the day, the desire for sleep builds, and when it reaches a certain point, the body needs to sleep. Unlike hunger, the body can force itself to sleep when tired, even in inappropriate situations. Sleep drive is regulated by the external circadian drive (process C), which balances the internal sleep homeostasis (process S).
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Frequently asked questions
According to the psychological theory, what makes you the same person over time is a set of psychological facts, like what beliefs, desires, etc. you have. So, when you wake up in the morning, you're the same person because you've got the same psychological makeup. According to the physical theory, who you are is tied to some fact about your body (usually your brain).
Science confirms that parts of you are here now that weren't there before, and parts of you that were there before are gone forever. Neural stem cells are constantly giving birth to new neurons that travel around and plug into already existing networks. Sometimes they’re replacing dying neurons, and sometimes they’re just helping a part of the brain grow.
The self is a created being, formed by physiology and the world around it. As it moves through time, it changes and adapts. As Heraclitus says, "You cannot step into the same river twice."










































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