Herbie Murray
Season 2 sleeping bags are designed for late spring and early autumn in the UK, when nights can be cold. They are ideal for camping outside the summer months, and for those who feel cold in the summer. The warmth of a sleeping bag is determined by the amount of filling inside it, which is measured in grams per square meter (GSM). The thicker the filling, the warmer the sleeping bag. Sleeping bags with synthetic hollow-fibre filling are ideal for warmer weather, while those designed for colder weather are usually stuffed with heavy down. A 2-season sleeping bag with 200 GSM filling can keep you warm in temperatures down to 15°C, with an extreme limit of -3°C.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| GSM | 200 |
| Shape | Envelope |
| Seasons | 2 |
| Temperature Range | 10˚C to -3°C |
| Filling | Synthetic hollowfibre |
| Comfort Rating | 10˚C to 20˚C |
| Features | Two-way zipper, internal pouch |
| Use | Late spring and early autumn in the UK |
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What You'll Learn
What does GSM stand for?
GSM is an acronym that can stand for several things across different fields. Here, I provide an explanation of what GSM means in the context of sleeping bags and fabrics.
In the context of sleeping bags, GSM refers to "grams per square meter." It represents the density of the insulation material used in the sleeping bag, indicating how much insulation it contains and, consequently, its warmth. A higher GSM value typically denotes greater insulation, resulting in a warmer sleeping bag. For instance, a 3-season synthetic sleeping bag's GSM value often falls between 200 and 400 GSM.
GSM is also a standard unit of measurement in fabrics. It stands for "grams per square meter" (g/m2) and quantifies the weight of a fabric. Specifically, it denotes the weight of a square meter of fabric when measured in grams. This specification is crucial in meeting production manufacturing requirements and comparing different materials. It also serves as a target during the design phase, taking into account factors such as the product's intended use, weave, and cost. During quality control, the material is weighed to ensure it meets the target GSM, usually within a tolerance of +/- 3%.
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What is the difference between a 1 and 2 season sleeping bag?
The difference between a 1-season and a 2-season sleeping bag lies in the temperature range for which they are designed. 1-season sleeping bags are designed for the height of summer, whereas 2-season sleeping bags are suitable for late spring and early autumn, in addition to summer. They can also provide extra warmth on cold, clear nights.
The temperature ratings of sleeping bags are based on standardised tests, such as the EN 13537 and ISO 23537 standards. These tests provide a precise and comparable system for consumers to judge the warmth of a sleeping bag. The EN13537 standard includes three temperature ratings: "comfort", "lower limit", and "extreme". "Comfort" is the temperature at which a standard woman can sleep comfortably; "lower limit" is the temperature at which a standard man can sleep for eight hours in a curled position without waking; and "extreme" is the minimum temperature at which a standard woman can remain for six hours without the risk of death from hypothermia.
The warmth of a sleeping bag is often measured by its GSM (grams per square meter), which refers to the density of the insulation material used. A higher GSM value usually means more insulation and a warmer sleeping bag. For example, a 2-season sleeping bag with 200 GSM insulated filling can keep you warm in temperatures down to 15°C, with an extreme limit of -3°C.
The season rating of a sleeping bag indicates the time of year for which it is suitable. A higher number means the sleeping bag can withstand colder temperatures. For instance, a 4-season sleeping bag is designed for winter use, when temperatures can drop to around 10°C.
It is worth noting that individual temperature preferences vary, so it is important to consider your own sleeping temperature preference when selecting a bag. Additionally, many companies choose their own temperature ratings, so comparisons between companies can be limited.
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What are the temperature ratings?
Sleeping bags have different temperature ratings, which indicate the range of temperatures for which a sleeping bag is suitable. These ratings are based on standardised tests, which help consumers make 'like-for-like' comparisons between sleeping bags. The current ISO 23537 sleeping bag test standard is recognised globally and uses a heated mannequin with multiple temperature sensors inside a climate-controlled room on a standardised mat. The mannequin wears standard pyjamas and a cold-weather mask, and the test measures the power needed to maintain warmth in a cold room, determining the sleeping bag's thermal resistance.
The standardised tests produce three temperature ratings: the comfort rating, the lower limit rating, and the extreme temperature rating. The comfort rating indicates the temperature at which a cold sleeper might feel comfortable, and this is the rating used for women's bags. The lower limit rating is always lower than the comfort rating and indicates the temperature at which a warm sleeper might still feel comfortable; this rating is used for men's bags. The extreme temperature rating is where the risk of health damage to a 'standard woman' by hypothermia occurs.
In addition to these standardised ratings, it's important to consider your own sleeping temperature preference when selecting a bag. If you tend to sleep cold, you may want to opt for a bag rated for lower temperatures than the typical range for that season. For example, a two-season sleeping bag is designed for slightly cooler nights in spring and summer, with a temperature range of 0 to +5°C (or approximately +30 to +40°F). However, if you sleep cold, you might want to choose a bag with a lower temperature rating to ensure you stay warm throughout the night.
It's also worth noting that the temperature ratings are based on 'average' users, so they should only be used as a guide. Additionally, the standardised tests don't account for all variables, such as differences in people's clothing and gear, body types, changing weather conditions, and diet. So, when you use your sleeping bag in the outdoors, its comfort level may differ from its tested temperature rating.
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What material is best for a sleeping bag?
When choosing a sleeping bag, it's important to consider the temperature rating, insulation type, shape, and weight of the bag.
The temperature rating of a sleeping bag is an indication of the lowest temperature at which the bag will keep a person comfortable. It is important to select a bag with a temperature rating that is lower than the lowest temperature you expect to encounter. For example, a 2-season sleeping bag typically has a temperature rating of --3°C, making it suitable for summer use.
Sleeping bags are typically filled with either down or synthetic materials for insulation. Down sleeping bags are filled with the plumage found underneath a goose or duck's belly, which creates very warm and lofty insulation. The warmth of down sleeping bags is often measured by fill power, which indicates the quality of the down and its ability to trap heat. Higher fill power numbers indicate a fluffier and more expensive bag. Synthetic sleeping bags, on the other hand, tend to have higher GSM (grams per square meter) values, indicating more insulation and warmth. For example, a 3-season synthetic sleeping bag typically has a GSM value between 200 and 400.
The shape of a sleeping bag also affects its warmth and weight. Mummy-shaped bags are tapered, reducing weight and warmth loss due to their smaller surface area. Rectangular bags offer more room to move around but are heavier and require more heat to fill the extra space. Semi-rectangular bags offer a compromise between the two, providing more room than a mummy bag without the weight of a rectangular bag.
For backpacking, weight is an important consideration as every ounce counts when carrying gear on your back. Down sleeping bags are generally lighter than synthetic bags, making them a popular choice for backpackers. Sleeping bag liners can also be used to add warmth without significantly increasing weight.
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How much should a season 2 sleeping bag weigh?
The weight of a Season 2 sleeping bag can vary depending on the specific design and features offered by different manufacturers. Season 2 sleeping bags are typically designed for spring and autumn use, offering more warmth than a summer bag, but not as much as a winter bag.
The weight of a sleeping bag is influenced by various factors, including the type of insulation used, the shell and lining materials, and the overall dimensions. Bags with synthetic insulation tend to be heavier than those with down filling, but are often more affordable and still provide adequate warmth. Down-filled bags offer superior warmth-to-weight ratios, making them a popular choice despite their higher price tag.
The target temperature range also affects the weight. A bag designed for colder temperatures within the Season 2 rating will likely have more insulation and therefore weigh more. The shell and lining materials contribute to the weight as well. Lighter materials, such as ripstop nylon or polyester, are often used to keep the overall weight down, but they may not be as durable as heavier options.
The length and width of the bag impact the weight too. A longer and wider bag will use more material and likely weigh more. Mummy-shaped bags, which are tapered towards the feet, often use less material and weigh less than rectangular bags, but they may feel more restrictive.
To provide a rough guide, a typical Season 2 sleeping bag might weigh around 1 to 2 kilograms (2.2 to 4.4 pounds). However, this can vary significantly depending on the factors mentioned above. It's important to consider your priorities when choosing a sleeping bag, as a lighter bag may compromise durability or warmth.
In summary, the weight of a Season 2 sleeping bag can vary due to factors such as insulation type, shell and lining materials, and dimensions. A good balance between weight and functionality should be considered to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable outdoor experience.
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Frequently asked questions
GSM stands for grams per square meter and refers to the density of the insulation material used in the sleeping bag. The higher the GSM, the warmer the sleeping bag.
Season 2 sleeping bags are designed for late spring and early autumn in the UK when nights can get cold. They are ideal for camping outside the summer months.
A Season 2 sleeping bag typically has a GSM of 150-200.
