Gina Johnson
Sleep can be elusive when you're pregnant, especially in the later stages. Many pregnant people wonder if it's safe to take melatonin or other sleep aids. Melatonin is a natural supplement that helps induce sleep, but the safety and effectiveness of melatonin during pregnancy are not conclusive due to limited research. Some doctors say melatonin is safe, while others opt not to recommend any sleep aids during pregnancy. Unisom, an FDA-approved antihistamine, is also considered safe by many experts, but it's important to consult a healthcare provider before taking any sleep aid during pregnancy.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Safety of sleep aids during pregnancy | Research on the safety of sleep aids during pregnancy is limited. Some healthcare providers opt not to recommend any sleep aids during pregnancy. However, some doctors say that certain sleep aids are safe during pregnancy. |
| Sleep aids considered safe during pregnancy | Melatonin, Unisom (doxylamine), Nytol and Tylenol PM (both contain diphenhydramine), antihistamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Benadryl. |
| Sleep aids to avoid during pregnancy | Benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan, Xanax), Zolpidem (Ambien), herbal teas, essential oils, amino acids, minerals, kava plant, L-tryptophan. |
| Alternative approaches | Lifestyle modifications, supplements, natural remedies, exercise (with physician's approval), yoga, stretching, body pillows, changing positions. |
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What You'll Learn
Melatonin supplements
Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, with 46% to 78% of pregnant women experiencing sleep disorders and nearly 80% experiencing insomnia by the third trimester. Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate normal sleep-wake cycles, and it is sold over the counter as a dietary supplement to aid sleep.
While melatonin is "natural" and normally produced by the body, the amount delivered by over-the-counter preparations is typically higher than what the body normally produces. There is limited research on the safety of melatonin supplements for pregnant people and their fetuses. Melatonin can cross the placenta and bind to receptors in a fetus, suggesting that melatonin levels impact an unborn baby. Some studies have found that melatonin use in pregnant animals has risks, such as lower birth weights, and one animal study found that additional melatonin negatively affected maternal weight, baby birth weight, and baby mortality. However, there is currently no evidence that melatonin supplements are harmful to pregnant humans or their fetuses. Some research suggests that melatonin supplementation during pregnancy can decrease the risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and may have a beneficial effect on fertilization rates and embryo quality.
Due to the limited research on the safety of melatonin supplements during pregnancy, healthcare providers may recommend addressing sleep difficulties without medication or supplements. Pregnant people should always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication or supplement, and some providers may recommend melatonin supplements for pregnant women who continue having trouble sleeping after trying non-medication alternatives. Research suggests that melatonin supplementation during pregnancy is safe when used under medical supervision, with correct dosage being crucial for the safety and development of the pregnancy.
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Antihistamines
While many pregnant people experience sleep problems, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy, it is important to exercise caution when taking any form of medication during pregnancy. The safety of many sleep aids for pregnant people and their foetuses has yet to be verified, due to limited research in this area. Experts generally recommend addressing sleep difficulties without medication or supplements. However, if non-pharmacological measures fail to alleviate sleep problems, certain sleep aids may be an option.
It is worth noting that newer antihistamines, such as cetirizine and loratadine, may also be safe during pregnancy. These antihistamines are less likely to cause drowsiness as a side effect, which may be preferable for some pregnant individuals. Again, consulting with a healthcare professional is the best course of action to determine the most suitable option.
While antihistamines may be a suitable option for some, it is important to be cautious and informed about the potential risks and side effects of any medication during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals should also be aware of other alternatives to sleep aids, such as lifestyle modifications, that can help improve sleep quality.
In summary, while antihistamines are commonly used as sleep aids during pregnancy and certain types are generally considered safe, individual circumstances may vary. Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to ensure the best possible care and advice for each unique situation.
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Prescription sleep medication
Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, with issues often peaking in the third trimester due to bodily discomforts such as frequent urination, nausea, and heartburn. The majority of pregnant people experience sleep problems, particularly in late pregnancy. This can be attributed to factors such as a growing belly making sleeping positions uncomfortable, changing hormones wreaking havoc on the natural sleep-wake cycle, and pregnancy symptoms like strange dreams, frequent urination, heartburn, and sciatica.
Pregnant individuals are advised to first explore non-pharmacological measures and lifestyle adjustments to alleviate sleep problems before resorting to sleep aids. These can include natural remedies, yoga, massage, improving sleep hygiene, using body pillows, changing positions, taking baths, or light stretching. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been shown in studies to significantly reduce insomnia severity and promote faster remission in pregnant women when compared to control interventions.
If non-pharmacological approaches prove ineffective, certain sleep aids may be considered. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any sleep aids during pregnancy, as the safety of many of these medications for pregnant individuals and their fetuses has not been conclusively established. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires manufacturers to provide information on the safety of medications during pregnancy, enabling individuals and their doctors to make informed decisions.
When it comes to prescription sleep medication, healthcare providers generally caution against their use during pregnancy. Some common prescription sleep aids that should be avoided during pregnancy include:
- Benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Ativan, Xanax): These medications come with risks of birth defects and neonatal withdrawal. Research also suggests an association with preterm labor, cesarean delivery, and low-birthweight infants.
- Zolpidem (Ambien): This drug may cause withdrawal symptoms in newborn babies, with the chances increasing if taken towards the end of pregnancy.
- Eszopiclone (Lunesta): This sleep aid is also considered unsafe during pregnancy.
While prescription sleep aids are generally not recommended during pregnancy, healthcare providers may evaluate the risks and benefits for each individual case and determine if the benefits of improved sleep outweigh the potential risks to the mother and fetus. It is crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional before taking any prescription sleep medication during pregnancy.
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Herbal sleep aids
Sleep can be elusive during pregnancy, especially in the later stages. Many pregnant people experience sleep problems due to fluctuating hormones, a growing belly that makes sleeping positions uncomfortable, and pregnancy symptoms like frequent urination, heartburn, and sciatica. As a result, many wonder if it is safe to take herbal sleep aids while pregnant.
The safety of herbal sleep aids for pregnant people and their fetuses is a subject of ongoing research. While some sources advise against the use of any herbal sleep aids during pregnancy due to limited research on their safety, others suggest that certain sleep aids may be safe for occasional use under medical supervision. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare provider before taking any sleep aids during pregnancy to weigh the benefits against the risks.
Some herbal sleep aids that are generally considered safe during pregnancy include:
- Aromatherapy: Aromatherapy involves inhaling essential oils or applying them to the skin for restorative health and wellness purposes. While it is considered safe during pregnancy, it is still controversial due to the lack of medical studies. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before using essential oils to ensure they are suitable for pregnant individuals.
- Herbal teas: Drinking herbal tea before bed can help pregnant people relax and prepare for sleep. However, not all herbal teas are recommended during pregnancy. Lavender and lemon balm teas are considered safe choices, while chamomile tea should be avoided as it has been linked to an increased risk of preterm birth and decreased newborn size. Oatstraw tea is another option that can help promote sleep.
- Herbal supplements: Some herbal supplements, like WishGarden Herbs Sleepy Nights, are specifically formulated for pregnant women and are considered safe to use. These supplements often contain ingredients like chamomile, scullcap, linden leaf, and flower to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
While these herbal sleep aids may be safer alternatives to prescription or over-the-counter sleep medications, it is crucial to remember that even herbal remedies can have side effects and interactions. Always consult a healthcare professional before taking any sleep aids, including herbal ones, during pregnancy to ensure the safest and most appropriate approach for you and your baby.
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Natural sleep aids
Sleep is crucial for optimal health, especially during pregnancy. However, due to physical changes and pregnancy symptoms, it can be challenging to get a good night's sleep while expecting, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy. As a result, many pregnant people consider taking sleep aids to help them get the rest they need.
When it comes to natural sleep aids during pregnancy, here are some options that are generally considered safe:
- Aromatherapy: This involves inhaling essential oils or applying them to the skin. While it may be safe during pregnancy, it is recommended to consult your OB-GYN before using essential oils as there is limited medical research on their effectiveness and safety during pregnancy.
- Herbal tea: Drinking herbal tea can help you relax and prepare for sleep. Oat straw tea, in particular, is recommended by naturopathic physicians. However, it's important to avoid drinking too much fluid before bed to prevent frequent bathroom trips.
- Ginseng, honey, nutmeg, and oats: These natural remedies are considered relatively safe during pregnancy.
- Lifestyle modifications: Making changes to your daily habits can improve your sleep. This includes reducing caffeine intake, especially in the afternoon and evening, and avoiding spicy and acidic foods that can cause heartburn and indigestion.
It is important to note that while melatonin is a popular sleep aid, its safety during pregnancy is not conclusive due to limited research. Therefore, it is generally recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before taking any sleep aids, including natural remedies, to ensure they are safe for you and your baby.
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Frequently asked questions
Sleep aids that have been studied in pregnancy and are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are more commonly recommended by healthcare providers. However, there is limited research on the safety of sleep aids for pregnant people and foetuses, so many healthcare providers opt not to recommend any sleep aids during pregnancy. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before taking any sleep medication while pregnant.
Some sleep aids considered safe by the FDA include antihistamines such as Benadryl, Unisom (doxylamine), and Nytol (diphenhydramine). Melatonin supplements are also considered safe by some doctors, but the safety and effectiveness of melatonin are not conclusive due to a lack of definitive research.
Benzodiazepines such as Valium, Ativan, and Xanax are associated with risks of birth defects and neonatal withdrawal, and may increase the chances of preterm labour, cesarean delivery, and low-birthweight infants. Zolpidem, also known as Ambien, may cause withdrawal symptoms in newborn babies, with the chances increasing if taken towards the end of pregnancy. Herbal teas and essential oils are also best avoided due to a lack of safety data.
Yes, there are natural options and lifestyle measures that can help improve sleep during pregnancy. These include using body pillows, changing positions, taking a bath or shower, and doing light yoga or stretching. Exercise can also help, but it is recommended to get your physician's approval first.
