Gina Johnson
Sleeping pills are available over the counter, as natural supplements, or by prescription. They can treat insomnia by making you feel drowsy and relaxed, but they can also have side effects, including constipation, muscle weakness, and daytime drowsiness. Some common sleeping pill brands include Silenor (Doxepin), Belsomra (Suvorexant), Desyrel (Trazodone), Sonata (Zaleplon), Ambien (Zolpidem), Intermezzo, Zolpimist, and Restoril (Temazepam). These medications can help people fall asleep and stay asleep, but they may also carry risks of side effects, misuse, and dependency. It's important to use caution when taking any sleep medication and to consult a doctor before starting a new medication.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Brand Name | Silenor |
| Generic Name | Doxepin |
| Brand Name | Belsomra |
| Generic Name | Suvorexant |
| Brand Name | Desyrel |
| Generic Name | Trazodone |
| Brand Name | Sonata |
| Generic Name | Zaleplon |
| Brand Name | Ambien, Intermezzo, Zolpimist |
| Generic Name | Zolpidem |
| Brand Name | Restoril |
| Generic Name | Temazepam |
| Brand Name | Lunesta |
| Generic Name | Eszopiclone |
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What You'll Learn
Sleeping pill side effects
Sleeping pills can be a short-term solution for sleep problems, but they are not intended for continuous, long-term use due to the risk of adverse side effects. While sleeping pills can help people fall asleep and relieve stress and anxiety, they can also cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, digestive problems, muscle weakness, and impaired focus the next day.
Some sleeping pills are more likely to cause side effects than others. For example, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and various hypnotics are classified as sedative hypnotics, which can be potentially addictive and cause problems with memory and attention. They are usually not recommended for long-term treatment. Non-benzodiazepine or Z-drugs are fast-acting and can cause a "hangover" effect, with side effects like drowsiness, impaired balance, and coordination, and memory issues.
Sleeping pills can also cause parasomnias, which are complex sleep behaviours that occur when individuals are asleep and unaware of their actions. These can include sleepwalking, sleep eating, making phone calls, or even driving while asleep. While rare, parasomnias can be dangerous and challenging to detect once the medication takes effect.
Older adults are more susceptible to side effects from sleeping pills, as the drugs tend to stay in their system longer. Drowsiness, confusion, and memory problems are more common in this demographic, increasing the risk of falls, broken hips, and car accidents. Additionally, long-term use of sleeping pills can lead to dependency, drug tolerance, and adverse health consequences, including poor memory, brain degeneration, and a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
It is crucial to consult a doctor if severe side effects occur, such as sleepwalking, allergic reactions, or dependence on the medication. Sleeping pills should not be used as a long-term solution, and individuals experiencing insomnia should consider alternative treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or creating healthy sleep habits.
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Prescription vs over-the-counter
Sleeping pills are available over the counter (OTC), as natural supplements, or by prescription. Anyone over the age of 18 can buy over-the-counter sleep medications at drugstores or other retail locations without a prescription. Over-the-counter sleep aids often contain an antihistamine, which treats allergies but can also induce drowsiness. Melatonin, valerian supplements, and benzodiazepines are also available over the counter. Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that promotes sleep, while valerian is an herb that is supposed to aid relaxation and sleep.
Prescription sleeping pills are stronger than over-the-counter ones and are typically only recommended for short-term relief. They are usually only prescribed when other treatments have failed. Prescription sleep medications work in different ways, depending on the type of medication. Benzodiazepines, for example, stimulate a chemical in the brain called GABA, leading to sedation, muscle relaxation, and reduced anxiety. However, they can be addictive and carry a risk of substance use disorder, so they are generally not recommended for long-term use. Zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta) are examples of prescription Z-drugs that work by slowing brain activity. Other prescription sleep aids include melatonin receptor agonists such as ramelteon (Rozerem), which is considered the first line of therapy for insomnia as it does not cause physical dependence or abuse and does not typically cause morning sedation.
Both over-the-counter and prescription sleeping pills can cause side effects such as constipation, muscle weakness, digestive problems, worsened snoring and sleep apnea, and a "hangover effect" the next day, with symptoms such as drowsiness, dizziness, and balance problems. Due to these potential side effects, it is important to exercise caution when taking any sleep medication and to consult a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment option based on individual needs and circumstances.
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Natural sleep remedies
Sleeping pills can be purchased over the counter, as natural supplements, or by prescription. However, they can cause side effects such as constipation, muscle weakness, digestive problems, and worsened snoring and sleep apnea. There are several natural sleep remedies that can be used as alternatives to sleeping pills. These include:
- Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone that is naturally produced in the pineal gland in the center of the brain. It is released in the brain four hours before we feel a sense of sleepiness. The body's response to reduced light exposure triggers its release, which should occur naturally at night. However, exposure to unnatural light from sources such as phones, laptops, or TVs can prevent its release and make it difficult to fall asleep. Melatonin supplements are available over the counter and may help improve sleep. However, they are unregulated, and some people report side effects such as grogginess and depression.
- Valerian: Valerian is an herb that is supposed to aid relaxation and sleep. It is one of the leading natural supplements for managing anxiety and insomnia. However, there is limited evidence to support its effectiveness in treating insomnia.
- Chamomile: Chamomile is a popular herbal sleep remedy with a calming effect that has been used for centuries. German chamomile is commonly taken as a tea, while Roman chamomile has a bitter taste and may be taken as a tincture.
- Kava: Kava is an herbal remedy used for stress and anxiety relief and insomnia. It is said to induce relaxation without hindering memory or motor function. However, it is now considered unsafe due to potential liver toxicity.
- Magnesium: Magnesium is a natural sleep-promoting supplement.
- Lavender: Lavender is another natural sleep aid that may help improve sleep. However, more research is needed to understand its effects fully.
In addition to these natural remedies, there are other natural fixes that can improve sleep:
- Avoid working out within two hours of bedtime, as this can raise your core body temperature, signaling to your body that it's time to get up and start the day.
- Avoid looking at your phone or other screens before bed, as the light from smartphones and other electronic devices can interfere with sleep. If you need to get up at night, use a flashlight instead of turning on the lights.
- Sleep in layers so you can adjust your bedtime temperature as needed.
- Avoid alcohol, which can interfere with sleep. Instead, try drinking warm milk, chamomile tea, or tart cherry juice, which may help improve sleep.
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Sleeping pill misuse
Sleeping pills are typically used to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders. They can be bought over the counter or with a prescription from a doctor. While they can be effective in the short term, they are not recommended for long-term use due to the risk of dependence and addiction. Sleeping pill misuse can lead to overdose and serious side effects, including memory problems, accidental falls, and respiratory depression during sleep, which may even lead to death.
Sleeping pills are classified as sedative hypnotics, which help people fall asleep and stay asleep. They work by depressing the central nervous system, inducing sleepiness, and promoting sound sleep. However, they can also cause side effects such as drowsiness during the day, confusion, and parasomnia, where people may walk or eat in their sleep. Other non-drug therapies like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may be more effective in improving sleep without the same risks associated with sleeping pills.
Sleeping pills come in various forms, including barbiturates, benzodiazepines (benzos), and Z-drugs like zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta). Benzodiazepines, in particular, carry a risk of addiction and can cause problems with memory and attention. They should be used with caution, especially if taken concurrently with other substances like alcohol or opioids, as this can increase the risk of injury, memory problems, and even death.
To avoid sleeping pill misuse, it is important to follow the directions provided with the medication and not take more than the prescribed amount. It is also recommended to avoid alcohol near the time of taking a sleeping pill and to ensure you can get a full 7-8 hours of sleep after taking one. If you or a loved one is struggling with sleeping pill misuse or dependence, seeking professional help is crucial to ensure a safe and effective treatment plan.
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Sleeping pill alternatives
Sleeping pills are available over the counter, as natural supplements, or by prescription. While they can be effective in treating insomnia and inducing drowsiness, they often come with side effects such as dizziness, constipation, and muscle weakness. It is important to exercise caution and consult a doctor before taking any medication, especially if you are considering long-term use.
Good Sleep Habits
Good sleep hygiene includes practices such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a relaxing sleep environment, and avoiding stimulating activities before bed. This can include activities such as reading, meditation, or taking a warm bath.
Over-the-Counter Remedies
Non-prescription sleep aids are readily available at drugstores and retail locations. These often contain antihistamines, which can cause drowsiness as a side effect. However, it is important to note that these medications can interfere with other drugs and may have side effects, so it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before taking them.
Natural Supplements
Natural supplements like melatonin and valerian are also available over the counter. Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the body to promote sleep, while valerian is an herb that is believed to aid relaxation and sleep. These supplements are generally considered safe but may cause side effects such as nausea, headaches, and daytime sleepiness in some individuals.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is a type of talk therapy that can help improve sleep by addressing the underlying thoughts and behaviors that may be impacting your rest. This approach does not rely on medication and can be effective in improving sleep quality and treating insomnia.
Remember, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your specific needs and to ensure the safe use of any sleep aids or supplements.
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Frequently asked questions
Some common sleeping pill brands include Silenor (Doxepin), Belsomra (Suvorexant), Desyrel (Trazodone), Sonata (Zaleplon), Ambien, Intermezzo, and Zolpimist (Zolpidem), and Restoril (Temazepam).
Yes, melatonin is a natural hormone that your body produces to promote sleep. Valerian is an herb that is supposed to aid relaxation and sleep. Other natural sleep remedies include chamomile tea and magnesium.
Sleeping pills can have various side effects, including constipation, muscle weakness, digestive problems, worsened snoring, and sleep apnea. They can also cause a "'hangover effect" the next day, leading to drowsiness, dizziness, and muddled thinking. Additionally, there is a risk of dependency and withdrawal symptoms with long-term use.
Sleeping pills are available both over the counter (OTC) and by prescription. OTC sleep aids often contain antihistamines, which can cause drowsiness, but they are generally weaker than prescription pills. Prescription sleeping pills are typically stronger and include benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines ("Z drugs"), which carry a higher risk of abuse, addiction, and dependence.
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