
Soft surfaces, such as pillows, quilts, and blankets, can obstruct a newborn's breathing, causing suffocation. They can also cause the baby's body temperature to rise. This increases the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS) and other sleep-related deaths. For this reason, pediatricians recommend that babies sleep on their backs on flat, non-inclined, firm surfaces without soft bedding.
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What You'll Learn

Soft surfaces can obstruct a baby's breathing, leading to suffocation
Soft surfaces pose a significant risk to newborn babies, primarily due to the potential obstruction of their breathing, which can lead to suffocation and, in the worst cases, sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS). This occurs when a baby's mouth and nose become pressed into the soft surface, blocking their airways. Exhaled carbon dioxide can also build up around the baby's mouth and nose, causing them to "rebreath" it, which can be fatal.
Pillows, blankets, quilts, and even items like stuffed toys and crib bumpers are all examples of soft surfaces or bedding that can increase the risk of suffocation and SIDS. These items can conform to a baby's face, trapping them and obstructing their breathing. Additionally, soft surfaces can increase a baby's body temperature as they sink into them, further compromising their safety.
To ensure a safe sleep environment, it is recommended to place babies on their backs on a firm, flat, and level surface, such as a crib or bassinet, covered by a fitted sheet with no other bedding. The mattress should be the right size for the crib or bassinet to prevent gaps that could trap a baby's head and neck. It is also crucial to avoid co-sleeping on adult beds, couches, or armchairs, as these soft surfaces are particularly dangerous if an adult accidentally falls asleep on them while feeding or comforting the baby.
While it is safe for babies to sleep against a caregiver's body, it is important to be vigilant and ensure the baby's breathing is not obstructed. The safest option is always to provide a firm, flat surface for the baby to sleep on, even if it may seem bare or uncomfortable to adults. Prioritizing a baby's breathing and safety over comfort is crucial to prevent tragic outcomes.
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They can cause rebreathing of carbon dioxide, which can be fatal
The dangers of a newborn sleeping on a soft surface are linked to the risk of suffocation and rebreathing carbon dioxide. If a baby rolls over onto their stomach while sleeping on a soft surface, their face may become pressed into the surface, obstructing their breathing. This can be fatal. Soft surfaces, such as pillows, quilts, blankets, and sheepskins, can conform to a baby's face, making it difficult for them to breathe and potentially leading to suffocation. This is known as positional asphyxiation.
Additionally, a soft surface can cause a build-up of exhaled air around the baby's mouth and nose, leading to rebreathing of carbon dioxide. This occurs when a baby inhales their exhaled breath, which is high in carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide poisoning can have serious health consequences and may even be fatal.
To prevent these risks, it is recommended that newborns sleep on a firm, flat, and level surface, such as a cot or bassinet mattress that meets safety standards. The mattress should be covered with a fitted sheet, and no other bedding, toys, or soft objects should be in the sleep area.
While it is safe for a baby to sleep against a parent's body, it is important for parents to remain awake and vigilant. The danger arises if a parent falls asleep while holding the baby, as this could lead to accidental suffocation or the baby being dropped.
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Soft surfaces increase the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS)
Additionally, soft surfaces can lead to "rebreathing" of carbon dioxide, which occurs when exhaled air builds up around the baby's mouth and nose, potentially causing fatal carbon dioxide poisoning. It is crucial to place babies on their backs on firm, flat, and level surfaces, such as a cot or bassinet, with a fitted sheet and no other bedding. The mattress should be the right size for the cot or bassinet to prevent gaps that could pose a danger to the baby.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission and organizations like Red Nose Australia provide guidelines and safety standards for cribs and bassinets, respectively. It is important to follow these guidelines and choose sleep surfaces that meet the recommended standards. While it is safe for babies to sleep against a parent's body, it is crucial to remain vigilant and avoid falling asleep while holding them, as this can lead to accidental suffocation or dropping the baby.
Furthermore, soft bedding, such as pillows, blankets, and stuffed animals, should be kept out of the crib or bassinet. These items pose a risk of suffocation, strangulation, and entrapment, which are all contributing factors to SIDS. Instead of soft bedding, wearable blankets or sleep sacks that wrap around the baby's body can be used to provide warmth. By following these precautions and providing a safe sleep environment, parents can significantly reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related hazards for their newborns.
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They can cause positional asphyxiation
Soft surfaces can cause positional asphyxiation and suffocation. If a baby rolls over while lying on a soft surface, their nose and mouth may get pressed into the surface, obstructing their breathing. This can lead to "rebreathing" of carbon dioxide, which can be fatal. Soft surfaces also increase the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS) and other sleep-related deaths, including suffocation, entrapment, and strangulation.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants sleep on their backs on flat, non-inclined surfaces without soft bedding. Soft bedding, such as pillows, blankets, and crib bumpers, can pose a danger to babies. These items can end up covering the baby's face, obstructing their breathing, and leading to suffocation. Additionally, the softness of the surface can conform to the baby's face shape, making it difficult for them to move their head and breathe easily.
It is crucial to choose a safe sleep surface for newborns. A firm, flat surface, such as a crib or bassinet mattress, is recommended. The mattress should be the right size for the crib or bassinet and covered with a fitted sheet. It is also important to avoid adding any soft bedding, such as nests, bumpers, pillows, or blankets, to the sleep area. These items can pose a suffocation risk and increase the danger of SIDS.
While it is safe for a baby to sleep against a parent's body, it is important for parents to remain awake and vigilant. The danger arises when a parent falls asleep while holding the baby, as this can lead to accidental dropping or positional asphyxiation if the baby's face is obstructed. Therefore, it is generally safer to have newborns sleep on a firm, flat surface in a crib or bassinet.
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Soft surfaces can increase a baby's body temperature
Babies sleeping on soft surfaces can also be vulnerable to positional asphyxiation and suffocation. If a baby rolls over while on a soft surface, their nose and mouth may get pressed into the surface, obstructing their breathing. The soft surface may also conform to the baby's face shape, increasing the risk of suffocation.
Additionally, soft surfaces can increase the risk of sudden unexpected infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep-related deaths. Research has shown that babies who sleep on soft surfaces or with items such as quilts, blankets, and pillows are at a higher risk of SIDS and other sleep-related deaths, including entrapment, suffocation, and strangulation.
To ensure a safe sleep environment for a baby, it is important to choose a firm and flat sleep surface, such as a crib or a bassinet, and to avoid adding any soft bedding or objects that could pose a risk of suffocation or strangulation. A baby sleeping in the same room as their parents or caregivers is also recommended, as it is the safest place for them.
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Frequently asked questions
Sleeping on soft surfaces can obstruct a newborn's breathing, causing suffocation. It can also cause "rebreathing" of carbon dioxide, which can be fatal.
Soft surfaces include couches, sofas, waterbeds, memory foam, air or pillow-top adult mattresses, quilts, blankets, and sheepskins.
A safe sleep environment for a newborn is a firm, flat, and level surface, such as a crib or bassinet. The mattress should be covered by a fitted sheet with no other bedding.
The risks of a newborn sleeping on a soft surface include sudden unexpected infant death (SIDS) and other sleep-related deaths, such as suffocation, entrapment, and strangulation.















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