Colin Snow
Sleeping bags are an essential piece of equipment for any outdoor enthusiast. Whether you're camping, hiking, or climbing, a good sleeping bag can make your experience more comfortable and fun. With so many options available, it can be challenging to choose the right one. This guide will help you navigate the different types of sleeping bags, their features, and how to select the perfect one for your needs. From temperature ratings and insulation types to bag shapes and additional features, we'll cover everything you need to know to make an informed decision. So, whether you're a seasoned adventurer or a beginner, read on to learn more about choosing the ideal sleeping bag for your next outdoor adventure.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To provide warmth and thermal insulation |
| Insulation | Synthetic or down |
| Cover | Water-resistant or water-repellent |
| Bottom surface | Provides some cushioning |
| Sleeping pad | Required for insulation underneath the sleeper |
| Shape | Rectangular or mummy |
| Size | Regular, long, short, kid-size |
| Temperature rating | Lower than the lowest expected nighttime temperature |
| Zipper | Multiple sliders for ventilation |
| Stash pocket | For storing small items |
| Stuff sack | For compact storage |
| Storage sack | For long-term storage |
| Liner | For added warmth and cleanliness |
| Price | Varies from under $100 to over $1000 |
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What You'll Learn
Sleeping bag warmth and insulation
Sleeping bags are designed to trap the heat generated by your body, rather than creating heat themselves. The warmth of a sleeping bag is determined by its insulating properties, which are influenced by the amount of air in the filling. The mass and volume of the sleeping bag need to be as small as possible.
The type of insulation used in sleeping bags is an important factor in their warmth and functionality. Down insulation is generally considered warmer and is exceptional in cold, dry weather. Down insulation is also more packable and returns to its original loft when unpacked. However, synthetic insulation is more affordable and continues to insulate when damp. Synthetic bags are also heavier and bulkier. Some down insulation is treated to be water-repellent, making it suitable for cold, damp conditions.
Sleeping bag temperature ratings are a useful indicator of their warmth, but they are not always accurate. Lab testing for temperature ratings uses standardised assumptions about the user, such as age, weight, and metabolism, which may not reflect individual variations. Additionally, factors such as clothing, gear, body type, weather conditions, and food intake can affect how warm you feel when using a sleeping bag. It is recommended to choose a sleeping bag with a lower temperature rating than the lowest expected nighttime temperature at your camping location.
To enhance the warmth of your sleeping bag, consider the following tips:
- Use a sleeping bag liner, which can add extra warmth and protect the bag from dirt and oils.
- Pack extra clothing or a quilt to provide additional insulation, especially for your feet, as they are more susceptible to cold.
- Avoid condensation and perspiration, as moist down does not insulate as well; keep your bag dry and ventilate your tent even in cold weather.
- Eat a high-fat snack and drink a sugary beverage before bed to fuel your body and generate heat during sleep.
- Sleep close to your partner or companions to benefit from shared body heat.
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Sleeping bag shapes and sizes
Sleeping bags come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and choosing the right one is critical to ensuring warmth, comfort and overall performance. The size and shape of your sleeping bag should reflect the style of camping you're planning on doing. For example, if you're backpacking, you'll want a lightweight and compact sleeping bag, whereas if you're car camping, you can opt for a bulkier bag.
Sizes
Sleeping bags are sized by their length, which should correlate with your height. Most sleeping bags come in three sizes: small (5 ft. 6 in.), regular (6 ft.), and long (6 ft. 6 in.). It's important to choose a bag with an appropriate length, as a bag that's too big will waste heat, and a bag that's too small will reduce the effectiveness of the insulation.
Shapes
There are three basic shapes of sleeping bags: mummy, rectangular, and semi-rectangular.
- Mummy: The most popular shape, the mummy bag has a snug fit that tapers toward the feet, making it the warmest and most lightweight option. It's ideal for backpacking or technical adventures that require packability and warmth. However, it may be restrictive for those who like to move around in their sleep. Mummy bags vary significantly; some are very narrow and better suited for back sleepers, while others have more room for the sleeper to sleep comfortably in any position.
- Rectangular: This non-tapered design provides more freedom of movement and is therefore more comfortable for those who like to stretch out and roll over. It is less efficient at heating and is typically used for warm-weather car camping.
- Semi-Rectangular: Also known as a "modified mummy" or "barrel" shape, this is a hybrid between the mummy and rectangular shape. It offers a compromise between warmth and roominess, making it suitable for fair-weather campers who desire extra room for added comfort.
Other shapes include double sleeping bags for couples, quilts, elephant's foot, zipless, and women-specific sleeping bags. Women's sleeping bags are typically shorter in length, have a narrower fit around the shoulders, and a wider hip area. They also usually have extra insulation as women tend to feel the cold more than men.
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Sleeping bag zippers and ventilation
Sleeping bags with zippers are ideal for ventilation. If your bag feels too warm, you can always unzip it to cool off. Zippers with multiple sliders make it easy to adjust ventilation. For instance, you can open the bottom end to vent your feet, as seen in the Zip Around sleeping bag by Zpacks.
The type of zipper you choose depends on your needs. Sleeping bag zippers for adults are typically heavy-duty and suitable for camping and outdoor use. For instance, a #10 brass or aluminum zipper is suitable for adult sleeping bags. On the other hand, a #5 brass or plastic zipper is appropriate for children's sleeping bags.
If you're looking for a sleeping bag with more ventilation options, consider one with a full-length zipper. The Zip Around sleeping bag by Zpacks has a full-length two-way side zipper that can be fully unzipped to open the bag flat like a blanket. You can also unzip the bottom to kick your feet out if you get too warm. Some sleeping bags also have a stash pocket with a zipper, providing a handy spot to store small items.
It's important to keep your sleeping bag zipper in good condition to maintain ventilation. If your zipper breaks, you can replace the slider or the entire zipper. To fix a broken zipper, you'll need a pair of end nippers and needle-nose pliers, as well as a new zipper stopper and sliders. You can find the correct replacement slider by locating the model number on the back of the old slider.
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Sleeping bag ratings and temperatures
Sleeping bag temperature ratings are a complex topic, and it's important to understand how bags are tested for warmth in a laboratory setting and the limitations of such tests. Lab-tested temperature ratings, indicated by "EN" or "ISO" ratings, allow consumers to compare sleeping bags from different brands. However, real-world comfort may differ from lab-tested ratings due to various factors that a lab cannot simulate, such as differences in clothing, gear, body types, weather conditions, and individual preferences.
The EN Rating scale is a scientific test that determines the warmth of a sleeping bag, producing a "Lower" rating for male sleepers and a Comfort rating for female sleepers. The Comfort rating indicates the temperature at which a cold sleeper might feel comfortable, while the Lower Limit rating is always lower than the Comfort rating and applies to warmer sleepers. These ratings are based on the premise that the average woman sleeps colder than the average man. Additionally, the ISO Test provides three temperature thresholds: Comfort, Limit, and Extreme. The Comfort rating is based on the temperature at which the ""average female" can sleep comfortably, while the Limit rating is based on the temperature at which the "average man" can maintain thermal equilibrium without shivering or risking hypothermia.
When choosing a sleeping bag, it's crucial to consider the expected nighttime temperatures and select a bag with an appropriate temperature rating. For example, if you plan to sleep in 27ºF / -3°C temperatures, choose a bag with a gender-appropriate rating of 23°F / -5°C. It's also important to use a sleeping pad with an appropriate R-Value, as it provides additional insulation and enhances the effectiveness of the sleeping bag.
The weight and compressibility of a sleeping bag are also essential factors, especially for backpacking. Lighter and more compressible bags are generally preferred, as they are more convenient to carry and store. Down insulation is often considered superior to synthetic fills due to its better warmth-to-weight ratio, compressibility, and durability. However, synthetic insulation retains its insulating properties even when wet, which is an advantage in certain conditions.
As a rule of thumb, it's recommended to choose a sleeping bag with a rating at least 20 degrees lower than the lowest expected temperature. This ensures comfort and safety during your outdoor adventures. It's also important to prepare for varying conditions by checking the weather forecasts and bringing extra layers or a sleeping bag liner, which can provide additional warmth.
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Sleeping bag cost and value
The cost of a sleeping bag can vary greatly, from under $20 to over $1000. The price depends on various factors, including the type of insulation, the temperature rating, the bag's shape, and the brand.
Sleeping bags with down insulation, made from goose or duck plumage, tend to be more expensive than those with synthetic insulation. Down is lighter, more packable, and often warmer for its weight, making it a popular choice for backpacking bags. However, synthetic insulation is more affordable and continues to insulate when damp, making it suitable for moist climates.
The temperature rating of a sleeping bag also affects its cost. Bags with lower temperature ratings, suitable for colder weather, tend to be more expensive. A sleeping bag's shape can also impact its price. Backpacking bags, for example, are typically lighter and more snug, while camping bags offer more room to move around. Bags with additional features, such as a snug-fitting hood, extra zippers, or a stash pocket, may also be more expensive.
When considering the value of a sleeping bag, it's important to evaluate its features and how well it meets your specific needs. For example, if you prioritise warmth and lightweight design, a down-filled bag may be worth the higher cost. On the other hand, if you're looking for an affordable option and don't mind a bulkier bag, synthetic insulation could provide better value.
Some recommended budget-friendly sleeping bags include the REI Co-op Trailmade 20, which uses recycled synthetic insulation and is priced under $100, and the Mountain Hardwear Bishop Pass 15, which offers a good balance of performance and affordability. For those seeking an ultra-premium option, the Western Mountaineering AlpinLite is a durable and warm choice, although it comes with a high price tag.
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Frequently asked questions
Sleeping bags can differ in terms of shape, fabric, fill, packed size, and weight. The two major types of sleeping bags are the basic square quilt bag and the mummy bag. Mummy bags are tapered from the head end to the foot end, reducing volume and improving heat retention. Mummy bags are usually used by serious hikers and adventurers.
First, consider the temperature rating of the bag. If you're camping in cold weather, choose a bag with a lower temperature rating than the lowest expected nighttime temperature. You should also consider the bag's insulation type, size, and additional features like draft-blocking details, a hood, extra zippers, and a stash pocket.
Backpacking sleeping bags are typically lighter, pack down smaller, and are more efficient at keeping you warm. Some recommended backpacking sleeping bags include the REI Co-op Trailmade 20, Mountain Hardwear Phantom 15, and Mountain Hardwear Bishop Pass 15.
Some budget-friendly sleeping bag options include the MEC Camino Traveller 15/22C, MEC Centaurus -18C, and Sierra Designs Get Down 20. The Mountain Hardwear Bishop Pass 15 is also considered a good value for its performance characteristics and affordable price.
