Evie Summers
USB drives are designed to power down when not in use and wake up when accessed. However, sometimes they can take too long to wake up, causing the calling application to freeze. While there are no commands to wake up a sleeping USB drive, there are a few workarounds to this issue. One method is to unplug and plug the USB drive, causing it to power on and connect. Another is to use the powercfg command in Command Prompt to enable the USB device to wake the computer from sleep.
How to Wake a Sleeping USB Drive
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Unplug and plug the USB drive | Powers on the drive and connects it to /dev/sdx |
| Use a command | fdisk -l |
| Power-managed USB drive | Powers down when not in use and wakes up automatically when accessed |
| Windows Power settings | Turn off drives after a period of inactivity |
| IRP_MN_WAIT_WAKE IRP | Arms the device for remote wake-up |
| DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP feature | Enabled for remote wake-up |
| WDM power model | Devices in D3 cannot wake the system |
| USB stack | Arms the USB host controller for wake |
| Powercfg command | Enables your USB device to wake your laptop from sleep |
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What You'll Learn
Power-managed USB drives
There are a few potential solutions to this issue. One is to use a plugin with a command such as "WAKEUP drive", which would return immediately after starting a thread to access the drive. Another is to use a script with a command such as fdisk -l, which can probe the drive and cause it to spin up so it's ready when the mount is issued.
It's important to note that you should never unplug a USB drive with a mounted partition, as this can corrupt the file system. Always unmount or eject the drive, or shut down the computer, before unplugging.
Additionally, when designing and debugging drivers for devices that support remote wake-up, it's important to keep in mind the relationship between arming the device for wake-up in software and hardware. The USB stack does not enable the device for remote wake-up when receiving a request to change the device to a sleep state of D3, as devices in D3 cannot wake the system according to the WDM power model.
Furthermore, the power consumption of SSDs in power-managed USB drives can vary depending on the platform and workload. Desktops tend to use higher power states and may not support the lowest power states, resulting in higher overall power usage. Laptops, on the other hand, can idle in the 20-100mW range with power management or as low as ~5mW without it. Drives with newer flash tend to pull less power through lower voltage and improved architecture.
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IRP_MN_WAIT_WAKE IRP
A driver that owns the power policy for a device sends this IRP to its PDO (bus driver) to enable the device to wake up in response to an external event, such as an incoming phone call. The IRP is typically sent after the device is powered on and before the IRP_MN_START_DEVICE request is completed. However, it can also be sent when the device is in the working state (PowerDeviceD0).
It is important to note that the IRP_MN_WAIT_WAKE IRP should not be sent while any other power IRP is active in the device stack. Additionally, the IRP must be passed down the device stack to the bus driver, which calls IoMarkIrpPending and returns STATUS_PENDING from its DispatchPower routine. The IRP remains pending until a wake-up signal occurs or until the driver that sent the IRP cancels it.
The path of the IRP_MN_WAIT_WAKE IRP typically involves the device driver, hub driver, controller driver, and ACPI driver. In some cases, the ACPI BIOS may describe a machine where the wake signal for a specific device is directly wired to the chipset power management logic, bypassing the need for the IRP to propagate to the ACPI driver.
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Remote wake-up
- Open an elevated command prompt by searching for "cmd" in the start menu, right-clicking on "Command Prompt", and selecting "Run as administrator".
- Once the command prompt window is open, type the following command and press Enter: "powercfg -devicequery wake_from_any". This command will provide a list of all devices that support waking your computer from any sleep state.
- Identify the exact name of your USB device from the list generated in the previous step.
- Now, type the following command and press Enter: "powercfg -deviceenablewake "Device Name"". Be sure to replace "Device Name" with the exact name of your USB device that you noted in step 3.
- This should enable your USB device to wake up remotely. If it doesn't work, check your BIOS settings to ensure they support wake-up from USB. If not, you may need to update your BIOS to add this functionality.
- Additionally, when designing and debugging your driver, keep in mind the relationship between arming a USB device for wake-up in software (using a wait wake IRP) and in hardware by setting the remote wake-up feature.
- The USB stack does not enable remote wake-up when receiving a request to change the device to a sleep state of D3, as devices in D3 cannot wake the system according to the WDM power model.
- If you are using a USB leaf device on the bus that is armed for wake-up, the USB stack will also arm the USB host controller, but it may not arm any USB hubs upstream of the device.
- To arm a USB hub for remote wake-up, ensure that the USB stack is configured to wake up the system on attach and detach events (plug/unplug).
By following these steps, you should be able to successfully enable the remote wake-up feature for your USB device.
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USB device wake-up
A USB device can be woken up by using the powercfg command in Command Prompt. This can be done by following these steps:
- Open an elevated command prompt by searching for "cmd" in the start menu, right-clicking on "Command Prompt", and selecting "Run as administrator".
- Type the following command and press Enter: "powercfg -devicequery wake_from_any". This will provide a list of all devices that can wake your computer from any sleep state.
- Identify the name of your USB device from the list.
- Type the following command and press Enter: "powercfg -deviceenablewake "Device Name"". Replace "Device Name" with the actual name of your USB device.
It is important to note that this method may not work if your BIOS does not support wake-from-USB functionality. In such cases, you may need to check your BIOS settings or update your BIOS to the latest version to enable this feature.
Additionally, some USB devices are designed to power down when not in use and wake up automatically when accessed. However, this process can sometimes be slow, causing delays in accessing the drive. In such cases, you can try using a plugin or a specific command to wake up the drive, such as fdisk -l, as suggested by some users.
Furthermore, there are certain measures that can be taken to prevent a USB drive from going into sleep mode. For instance, you can adjust the Windows Power settings to prevent the drive from turning off after a certain period of inactivity.
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Unmounting and ejecting
When using a USB drive, it's important to properly unmount and eject the drive to prevent data loss or corruption. Simply unplugging the drive without properly unmounting it can lead to issues.
To unmount and eject a USB drive on a Linux system, first, identify the device name of your USB drive by running the `lsblk` command, which will list all block devices connected to your system. The command displays all the storage devices connected to your system. Look for your USB drive in the list, which is usually labeled as `/dev/sdX`, where 'X' represents a letter (e.g., `/dev/sdb`, `/dev/sdc`, etc.). Make a note of this label as you will need it for the next step.
Next, you need to unmount the USB drive by running the following `umount` command, specifying the mount point of the USB drive. After unmounting the drive, you can safely remove it from your system by running the following `eject` command. Alternatively, you can use the ``udisksctl` command, which is part of the `udisks` package, to provide a command-line interface for interacting with storage devices.
If you are using a Desktop Environment (DE), you can also use the 'Disks' application to power off the USB drives. This method is automatic and does not require you to run any commands.
For Windows users, to safely remove a hardware device, such as a USB flash drive or external hard drive, follow these steps:
- In the system tray area of the taskbar, right-click on the "Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media" icon.
- If the icon is not visible, select "Show hidden icons" first, and then right-click the "Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media" icon.
- If the icon is still not visible, you may need to add it to the system tray by going to "Taskbar Settings" or "Personalization > Taskbar."
- In the menu that pops up, select "Eject <device>" for the hardware device that needs to be removed.
- A notification will appear, indicating that it is now "Safe To Remove Hardware," and the hardware device will disappear from the menu.
Always remember to unmount or eject your USB drive before unplugging it to avoid any potential data loss or corruption.
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Frequently asked questions
You can wake up a sleeping USB drive by unplugging and plugging it back in. If you have a mounted partition, be sure to unmount or eject it before unplugging to avoid the risk of corrupting the file system.
You can prevent your USB drive from going to sleep by enabling the "Allow this device to wake the computer" option in Device Manager > Universal Serial Bus > Power Management. If this option is greyed out, you can try using the powercfg command in Command Prompt.
If your laptop is in sleep mode, you may need to manually press the physical power button. However, if your laptop supports WakeOnLAN functionality, you can wake it up from sleep by pressing a button on a connected peripheral device, such as a keyboard or mouse.
