Unconscious Actions: Automating Tasks While You Sleep

Sleep is a complex and dynamic process that affects our functioning in ways scientists are only beginning to understand. One of the fascinating aspects of sleep is the phenomenon of automatic behaviour, where individuals perform routine tasks while being partially or completely unaware of their actions. This behaviour can range from simple actions like finger rubbing or lip smacking to more complex activities such as sleepwalking, driving, or even cooking. Automatic behaviour usually occurs during non-REM sleep, but it can also be observed during REM sleep, when dreaming is most prevalent. While the specific causes of automatic behaviour are not fully understood, it is often associated with certain sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy and REM sleep behaviour disorder. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial, as it can have significant implications for the safety and well-being of those affected.

Sleepwalking

During a sleepwalking episode, a person may exhibit open, glassy eyes with a blank expression, incoherent speech, and routine actions such as getting dressed or moving furniture. Sleepwalking episodes can last anywhere from a few seconds to half an hour, and the person may either wake up confused or return to bed on their own. In rare cases, sleepwalkers may engage in violent or dangerous behaviours, such as trying to drive a car, which can lead to harm to themselves or others.

The exact causes of sleepwalking are not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its occurrence. Genetics plays a significant role, with almost 80% of sleepwalkers having a family history of sleepwalking. Sleep deprivation is another common trigger, as it can lead to more time spent in deep sleep, which is when sleepwalking typically occurs. Certain medications, alcohol consumption, brain injuries, fever, and stress can also increase the likelihood of sleepwalking episodes.

While it is generally safe to wake a sleepwalker, it is important to do so gently to avoid causing fear, confusion, or anger. It is recommended to lightly guide them away from potential dangers and back to bed using a quiet, soothing voice and, if necessary, a light touch.

Sleep-related eating

SRED is a type of parasomnia condition, much like sleepwalking. People with SRED often have no memory of their nocturnal eating behaviours, only realising what has happened when they find evidence the next morning. They may also experience daytime fatigue and a loss of appetite.

SRED is more common in women, who make up 65-80% of patients. It tends to develop in early adulthood and is often an ongoing, long-lasting problem. It may be caused by certain medications, particularly those used to treat depression and sleep problems. It is also associated with other sleep disorders, including sleepwalking, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea.

If you suspect you have SRED, it is important to consult a doctor. Diagnosis may involve a sleep study, which records brain waves, heart rate, breathing, and arm and leg movements during sleep. Treatment typically involves addressing underlying conditions and causes, such as changing medications or treating co-occurring sleep disorders. Safety measures, such as locks on kitchen cabinets, are also important to prevent injuries and the ingestion of toxic substances.

Sleep driving

People who are sleep driving are incapable of interacting with others, such as responding to questions from police officers. They may appear awake, with their eyes open, but they are unable to understand or respond to their surroundings. This is different from driving while impaired by drugs or alcohol, in which people may still be able to understand and respond to questions, although their cognitive function may be impaired.

Overall, sleep driving is a rare but dangerous phenomenon that can occur when parts of the brain are asleep while others are awake. It is often associated with certain medications and substances, and can result in serious accidents.

Sleep texting

• Having an immediate family member who experiences parasomnias
• Taking sedative medications
• Having certain other sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movement disorder
• External noises, such as a text message chime

Strategies to prevent sleep texting include:

• Obtaining enough sleep
• Turning off or silencing your phone, or placing it in another room
• Checking your medications and consulting your doctor about alternatives to sedatives
• Reducing or avoiding alcohol consumption
• Treating other sleep disorders

Sleep starts

Factors that can increase the frequency and intensity of sleep starts include:

• High intake of caffeine or other stimulants
• Prior intense physical work or exercise
• Emotional stress
• Fatigue or sleep deprivation

If sleep starts are causing sleep disruption, anxiety, or fear of falling asleep, it is recommended to consult a sleep doctor. Treatment options may include medication or lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine intake and avoiding strenuous activities before sleep.

Frequently asked questions